Source for file DB.php
Documentation is available at DB.php
/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
* Database independent query interface
* LICENSE: This source file is subject to version 3.0 of the PHP license
* that is available through the world-wide-web at the following URI:
* http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt. If you did not receive a copy of
* the PHP License and are unable to obtain it through the web, please
* send a note to license@php.net so we can mail you a copy immediately.
* @author Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
* @author Tomas V.V.Cox <cox@idecnet.com>
* @author Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
* @copyright 1997-2007 The PHP Group
* @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0
* @version CVS: $Id: DB.php,v 1.88 2007/08/12 05:27:25 aharvey Exp $
* @link http://pear.php.net/package/DB
* Obtain the PEAR class so it can be extended from
define('DB_PEAR_PATH',$apps_path['libs'].
'/external/pear-db/'); // with trailing slash
require_once DB_PEAR_PATH.
'PEAR.php';
* One of PEAR DB's portable error codes.
* @see DB_common::errorCode(), DB::errorMessage()
* {@internal If you add an error code here, make sure you also add a textual
* version of it in DB::errorMessage().}}
* The code returned by many methods upon success
define('DB_ERROR_SYNTAX', -
2);
* Tried to insert a duplicate value into a primary or unique index
define('DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT', -
3);
* An identifier in the query refers to a non-existant object
define('DB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND', -
4);
* Tried to create a duplicate object
define('DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS', -
5);
* The current driver does not support the action you attempted
define('DB_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED', -
6);
* The number of parameters does not match the number of placeholders
define('DB_ERROR_MISMATCH', -
7);
* A literal submitted did not match the data type expected
define('DB_ERROR_INVALID', -
8);
* The current DBMS does not support the action you attempted
define('DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE', -
9);
* A literal submitted was too long so the end of it was removed
define('DB_ERROR_TRUNCATED', -
10);
* A literal number submitted did not match the data type expected
define('DB_ERROR_INVALID_NUMBER', -
11);
* A literal date submitted did not match the data type expected
define('DB_ERROR_INVALID_DATE', -
12);
* Attempt to divide something by zero
define('DB_ERROR_DIVZERO', -
13);
* A database needs to be selected
define('DB_ERROR_NODBSELECTED', -
14);
* Could not create the object requested
define('DB_ERROR_CANNOT_CREATE', -
15);
* Could not drop the database requested because it does not exist
define('DB_ERROR_CANNOT_DROP', -
17);
* An identifier in the query refers to a non-existant table
define('DB_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE', -
18);
* An identifier in the query refers to a non-existant column
define('DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD', -
19);
* The data submitted to the method was inappropriate
define('DB_ERROR_NEED_MORE_DATA', -
20);
* The attempt to lock the table failed
define('DB_ERROR_NOT_LOCKED', -
21);
* The number of columns doesn't match the number of values
define('DB_ERROR_VALUE_COUNT_ON_ROW', -
22);
* The DSN submitted has problems
define('DB_ERROR_INVALID_DSN', -
23);
* Could not connect to the database
define('DB_ERROR_CONNECT_FAILED', -
24);
* The PHP extension needed for this DBMS could not be found
define('DB_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_FOUND',-
25);
* The present user has inadequate permissions to perform the task requestd
define('DB_ERROR_ACCESS_VIOLATION', -
26);
* The database requested does not exist
define('DB_ERROR_NOSUCHDB', -
27);
* Tried to insert a null value into a column that doesn't allow nulls
define('DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT_NOT_NULL',-
29);
// {{{ prepared statement-related
* Identifiers for the placeholders used in prepared statements.
* @see DB_common::prepare()
* Indicates a scalar (<kbd>?</kbd>) placeholder was used
* Quote and escape the value as necessary.
* Indicates an opaque (<kbd>&</kbd>) placeholder was used
* The value presented is a file name. Extract the contents of that file
* and place them in this column.
* Indicates a misc (<kbd>!</kbd>) placeholder was used
* The value should not be quoted or escaped.
// {{{ binary data-related
* The different ways of returning binary data from queries.
* Sends the fetched data straight through to output
define('DB_BINMODE_PASSTHRU', 1);
* Lets you return data as usual
define('DB_BINMODE_RETURN', 2);
* Converts the data to hex format before returning it
* For example the string "123" would become "313233".
define('DB_BINMODE_CONVERT', 3);
* @see DB_common::setFetchMode()
* Indicates the current default fetch mode should be used
* @see DB_common::$fetchmode
define('DB_FETCHMODE_DEFAULT', 0);
* Column data indexed by numbers, ordered from 0 and up
define('DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED', 1);
* Column data indexed by column names
define('DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC', 2);
* Column data as object properties
define('DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT', 3);
* For multi-dimensional results, make the column name the first level
* of the array and put the row number in the second level of the array
* This is flipped from the normal behavior, which puts the row numbers
* in the first level of the array and the column names in the second level.
define('DB_FETCHMODE_FLIPPED', 4);
* Old fetch modes. Left here for compatibility.
define('DB_GETMODE_ORDERED', DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED);
define('DB_GETMODE_ASSOC', DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC);
define('DB_GETMODE_FLIPPED', DB_FETCHMODE_FLIPPED);
// {{{ tableInfo() && autoPrepare()-related
* The type of information to return from the tableInfo() method.
* Bitwised constants, so they can be combined using <kbd>|</kbd>
* and removed using <kbd>^</kbd>.
* @see DB_common::tableInfo()
* {@internal Since the TABLEINFO constants are bitwised, if more of them are
* added in the future, make sure to adjust DB_TABLEINFO_FULL accordingly.}}
define('DB_TABLEINFO_ORDER', 1);
define('DB_TABLEINFO_ORDERTABLE', 2);
define('DB_TABLEINFO_FULL', 3);
* The type of query to create with the automatic query building methods.
* @see DB_common::autoPrepare(), DB_common::autoExecute()
define('DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT', 1);
define('DB_AUTOQUERY_UPDATE', 2);
* Bitwised constants, so they can be combined using <kbd>|</kbd>
* and removed using <kbd>^</kbd>.
* @see DB_common::setOption()
* {@internal Since the PORTABILITY constants are bitwised, if more of them are
* added in the future, make sure to adjust DB_PORTABILITY_ALL accordingly.}}
* Turn off all portability features
define('DB_PORTABILITY_NONE', 0);
* Convert names of tables and fields to lower case
* when using the get*(), fetch*() and tableInfo() methods
define('DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE', 1);
* Right trim the data output by get*() and fetch*()
define('DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM', 2);
* Force reporting the number of rows deleted
define('DB_PORTABILITY_DELETE_COUNT', 4);
* Enable hack that makes numRows() work in Oracle
define('DB_PORTABILITY_NUMROWS', 8);
* Makes certain error messages in certain drivers compatible
* with those from other DBMS's
* + mysql, mysqli: change unique/primary key constraints
* DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS -> DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT
* + odbc(access): MS's ODBC driver reports 'no such field' as code
* 07001, which means 'too few parameters.' When this option is on
* that code gets mapped to DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD.
define('DB_PORTABILITY_ERRORS', 16);
* Convert null values to empty strings in data output by
define('DB_PORTABILITY_NULL_TO_EMPTY', 32);
* Turn on all portability features
define('DB_PORTABILITY_ALL', 63);
* Database independent query interface
* The main "DB" class is simply a container class with some static
* methods for creating DB objects as well as some utility functions
* common to all parts of DB.
* The object model of DB is as follows (indentation means inheritance):
* DB The main DB class. This is simply a utility class
* with some "static" methods for creating DB objects as
* well as common utility functions for other DB classes.
* DB_common The base for each DB implementation. Provides default
* | implementations (in OO lingo virtual methods) for
* | the actual DB implementations as well as a bunch of
* | query utility functions.
* +-DB_mysql The DB implementation for MySQL. Inherits DB_common.
* When calling DB::factory or DB::connect for MySQL
* connections, the object returned is an instance of this
* @author Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
* @author Tomas V.V.Cox <cox@idecnet.com>
* @author Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
* @copyright 1997-2007 The PHP Group
* @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0
* @version Release: 1.7.13
* @link http://pear.php.net/package/DB
* Create a new DB object for the specified database type but don't
* connect to the database
* @param string $type the database type (eg "mysql")
* @param array $options an associative array of option names and values
* @return object a new DB object. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_common::setOption()
function &factory($type, $options =
false)
$options =
array('persistent' =>
$options);
if (isset
($options['debug']) &&
$options['debug'] >=
2) {
// expose php errors with sufficient debug level
$classname =
"DB_${type}";
foreach ($options as $option =>
$value) {
$test =
$obj->setOption($option, $value);
* Create a new DB object including a connection to the specified database
* $dsn = 'pgsql://user:password@host/database';
* 'portability' => DB_PORTABILITY_ALL,
* $db =& DB::connect($dsn, $options);
* if (PEAR::isError($db)) {
* die($db->getMessage());
* @param mixed $dsn the string "data source name" or array in the
* format returned by DB::parseDSN()
* @param array $options an associative array of option names and values
* @return object a new DB object. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @uses DB_dbase::connect(), DB_fbsql::connect(), DB_ibase::connect(),
* DB_ifx::connect(), DB_msql::connect(), DB_mssql::connect(),
* DB_mysql::connect(), DB_mysqli::connect(), DB_oci8::connect(),
* DB_odbc::connect(), DB_pgsql::connect(), DB_sqlite::connect(),
* @uses DB::parseDSN(), DB_common::setOption(), PEAR::isError()
function &connect($dsn, $options =
array())
$type =
$dsninfo['phptype'];
* For backwards compatibility. $options used to be boolean,
* indicating whether the connection should be persistent.
$options =
array('persistent' =>
$options);
if (isset
($options['debug']) &&
$options['debug'] >=
2) {
// expose php errors with sufficient debug level
$classname =
"DB_${type}";
foreach ($options as $option =>
$value) {
$test =
$obj->setOption($option, $value);
$err =
$obj->connect($dsninfo, $obj->getOption('persistent'));
* Return the DB API version
* @return string the DB API version number
* Determines if a variable is a DB_Error object
* @param mixed $value the variable to check
* @return bool whether $value is DB_Error object
return is_a($value, 'DB_Error');
* Determines if a value is a DB_<driver> object
* @param mixed $value the value to test
* @return bool whether $value is a DB_<driver> object
* Tell whether a query is a data manipulation or data definition query
* Examples of data manipulation queries are INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE.
* Examples of data definition queries are CREATE, DROP, ALTER, GRANT,
* @param string $query the query
* @return boolean whether $query is a data manipulation query
$manips =
'INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE|REPLACE|'
.
'LOAD DATA|SELECT .* INTO .* FROM|COPY|'
if (preg_match('/^\s*"?(' .
$manips .
')\s+/i', $query)) {
* Return a textual error message for a DB error code
* @param integer $value the DB error code
* @return string the error message or false if the error code was
if (!isset
($errorMessages)) {
$value =
$value->getCode();
return isset
($errorMessages[$value]) ?
$errorMessages[$value]
* Parse a data source name
* Additional keys can be added by appending a URI query string to the
* The format of the supplied DSN is in its fullest form:
* phptype(dbsyntax)://username:password@protocol+hostspec/database?option=8&another=true
* Most variations are allowed:
* phptype://username:password@protocol+hostspec:110//usr/db_file.db?mode=0644
* phptype://username:password@hostspec/database_name
* phptype://username:password@hostspec
* phptype://username@hostspec
* phptype://hostspec/database
* @param string $dsn Data Source Name to be parsed
* @return array an associative array with the following keys:
* + phptype: Database backend used in PHP (mysql, odbc etc.)
* + dbsyntax: Database used with regards to SQL syntax etc.
* + protocol: Communication protocol to use (tcp, unix etc.)
* + hostspec: Host specification (hostname[:port])
* + database: Database to use on the DBMS server
* + username: User name for login
* + password: Password for login
$dsn['dbsyntax'] =
$dsn['phptype'];
// Find phptype and dbsyntax
if (($pos =
strpos($dsn, '://')) !==
false) {
$dsn =
substr($dsn, $pos +
3);
// Get phptype and dbsyntax
// $str => phptype(dbsyntax)
if (preg_match('|^(.+?)\((.*?)\)$|', $str, $arr)) {
$parsed['phptype'] =
$arr[1];
$parsed['dbsyntax'] =
!$arr[2] ?
$arr[1] :
$arr[2];
$parsed['phptype'] =
$str;
$parsed['dbsyntax'] =
$str;
// Get (if found): username and password
// $dsn => username:password@protocol+hostspec/database
if (($at =
strrpos($dsn,'@')) !==
false) {
if (($pos =
strpos($str, ':')) !==
false) {
// Find protocol and hostspec
if (preg_match('|^([^(]+)\((.*?)\)/?(.*?)$|', $dsn, $match)) {
// $dsn => proto(proto_opts)/database
$proto_opts =
$match[2] ?
$match[2] :
false;
// $dsn => protocol+hostspec/database (old format)
if (strpos($dsn, '+') !==
false) {
list
($proto, $dsn) =
explode('+', $dsn, 2);
if (strpos($dsn, '/') !==
false) {
list
($proto_opts, $dsn) =
explode('/', $dsn, 2);
// process the different protocol options
$parsed['protocol'] =
(!empty($proto)) ?
$proto :
'tcp';
if (strpos($proto_opts, ':') !==
false) {
list
($proto_opts, $parsed['port']) =
explode(':', $proto_opts);
if ($parsed['protocol'] ==
'tcp') {
$parsed['hostspec'] =
$proto_opts;
} elseif ($parsed['protocol'] ==
'unix') {
$parsed['socket'] =
$proto_opts;
if (($pos =
strpos($dsn, '?')) ===
false) {
// /database?param1=value1¶m2=value2
$dsn =
substr($dsn, $pos +
1);
if (strpos($dsn, '&') !==
false) {
} else { // database?param1=value1
foreach ($opts as $opt) {
list
($key, $value) =
explode('=', $opt);
if (!isset
($parsed[$key])) {
// don't allow params overwrite
* Returns the given DSN in a string format suitable for output.
* @param array|stringthe DSN to parse and format
* @param boolean true to hide the password, false to include it
/* Calling parseDSN will ensure that we have all the array elements
* defined, and means that we deal with strings and array in the same
$dsnArray['password'] =
'PASSWORD';
/* Protocol is special-cased, as using the default "tcp" along with an
* Oracle TNS connection string fails. */
if (is_string($dsn) &&
strpos($dsn, 'tcp') ===
false &&
$dsnArray['protocol'] ==
'tcp') {
$dsnArray['protocol'] =
false;
// Now we just have to construct the actual string. This is ugly.
$dsnString =
$dsnArray['phptype'];
if ($dsnArray['dbsyntax']) {
$dsnString .=
'('.
$dsnArray['dbsyntax'].
')';
if ($dsnArray['socket']) {
$dsnString .=
'('.
$dsnArray['socket'].
')';
if ($dsnArray['protocol'] &&
$dsnArray['hostspec']) {
$dsnString .=
$dsnArray['hostspec'];
$dsnString .=
':'.
$dsnArray['port'];
$dsnString .=
'/'.
$dsnArray['database'];
/* Option handling. Unfortunately, parseDSN simply places options into
* the top-level array, so we'll first get rid of the fields defined by
* DB and see what's left. */
unset
($dsnArray['phptype'],
if (count($dsnArray) >
0) {
foreach ($dsnArray as $key =>
$value) {
$dsnString .=
$key.
'='.
$value;
* DB_Error implements a class for reporting portable database error
* @author Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
* @copyright 1997-2007 The PHP Group
* @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0
* @version Release: 1.7.13
* @link http://pear.php.net/package/DB
* @param mixed $code DB error code, or string with error message
* @param int $mode what "error mode" to operate in
* @param int $level what error level to use for $mode &
* @param mixed $debuginfo additional debug info, such as the last query
function DB_Error($code =
DB_ERROR, $mode =
PEAR_ERROR_RETURN,
$level =
E_USER_NOTICE, $debuginfo =
null)
$mode, $level, $debuginfo);
$mode, $level, $debuginfo);
* This class implements a wrapper for a DB result set
* A new instance of this class will be returned by the DB implementation
* after processing a query that returns data.
* @author Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
* @copyright 1997-2007 The PHP Group
* @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0
* @version Release: 1.7.13
* @link http://pear.php.net/package/DB
* Should results be freed automatically when there are no more rows?
* @see DB_common::$options
* A reference to the DB_<driver> object
* The current default fetch mode
* @see DB_common::$fetchmode
* The name of the class into which results should be fetched when
* DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT is in effect
* @see DB_common::$fetchmode_object_class
* The number of rows to fetch from a limit query
* The row to start fetching from in limit queries
* The execute parameters that created this result
* @since Property available since Release 1.7.0
* The query string that created this result
* Copied here incase it changes in $dbh, which is referenced
* @since Property available since Release 1.7.0
* The query result resource id created by PHP
* The present row being dealt with
* The prepared statement resource id created by PHP in $dbh
* This resource is only available when the result set was created using
* a driver's native execute() method, not PEAR DB's emulated one.
* Copied here incase it changes in $dbh, which is referenced
* {@internal Mainly here because the InterBase/Firebird API is only
* able to retrieve data from result sets if the statemnt handle is
* @since Property available since Release 1.7.0
* This constructor sets the object's properties
* @param object &$dbh the DB object reference
* @param resource $result the result resource id
* @param array $options an associative array with result options
function DB_result(&$dbh, $result, $options =
array())
$this->autofree =
$dbh->options['autofree'];
$this->query =
$dbh->last_query;
$this->statement =
empty($dbh->last_stmt) ?
null :
$dbh->last_stmt;
foreach ($options as $key =>
$value) {
* Set options for the DB_result object
* @param string $key the option to set
* @param mixed $value the value to set the option to
* Fetch a row of data and return it by reference into an array
* The type of array returned can be controlled either by setting this
* method's <var>$fetchmode</var> parameter or by changing the default
* fetch mode setFetchMode() before calling this method.
* There are two options for standardizing the information returned
* from databases, ensuring their values are consistent when changing
* DBMS's. These portability options can be turned on when creating a
* new DB object or by using setOption().
* + <var>DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE</var>
* convert names of fields to lower case
* + <var>DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM</var>
* @param int $fetchmode the constant indicating how to format the data
* @param int $rownum the row number to fetch (index starts at 0)
* @return mixed an array or object containing the row's data,
* NULL when the end of the result set is reached
* or a DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_common::setOption(), DB_common::setFetchMode()
function &fetchRow($fetchmode =
DB_FETCHMODE_DEFAULT, $rownum =
null)
if ($this->dbh->features['limit'] ===
false) {
$this->dbh->fetchInto($this->result, $arr, $fetchmode);
if ($this->dbh->features['limit'] ===
'emulate') {
$res =
$this->dbh->fetchInto($this->result, $arr, $fetchmode, $rownum);
if (isset
($object_class)) {
// The default mode is specified in the
// DB_common::fetchmode_object_class property
if ($object_class ==
'stdClass') {
$arr =
new $object_class($arr);
* Fetch a row of data into an array which is passed by reference
* The type of array returned can be controlled either by setting this
* method's <var>$fetchmode</var> parameter or by changing the default
* fetch mode setFetchMode() before calling this method.
* There are two options for standardizing the information returned
* from databases, ensuring their values are consistent when changing
* DBMS's. These portability options can be turned on when creating a
* new DB object or by using setOption().
* + <var>DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE</var>
* convert names of fields to lower case
* + <var>DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM</var>
* @param array &$arr the variable where the data should be placed
* @param int $fetchmode the constant indicating how to format the data
* @param int $rownum the row number to fetch (index starts at 0)
* @return mixed DB_OK if a row is processed, NULL when the end of the
* result set is reached or a DB_Error object on failure
* @see DB_common::setOption(), DB_common::setFetchMode()
function fetchInto(&$arr, $fetchmode =
DB_FETCHMODE_DEFAULT, $rownum =
null)
if ($this->dbh->features['limit'] ===
false) {
$this->dbh->fetchInto($this->result, $arr, $fetchmode);
if ($this->dbh->features['limit'] ===
'emulate') {
$res =
$this->dbh->fetchInto($this->result, $arr, $fetchmode, $rownum);
if (isset
($object_class)) {
// default mode specified in the
// DB_common::fetchmode_object_class property
if ($object_class ==
'stdClass') {
$arr =
new $object_class($arr);
* Get the the number of columns in a result set
* @return int the number of columns. A DB_Error object on failure.
* Get the number of rows in a result set
* @return int the number of rows. A DB_Error object on failure.
if ($this->dbh->features['numrows'] ===
'emulate'
if ($this->dbh->features['prepare']) {
/* fbsql is checked for here because limit queries are implemented
* using a TOP() function, which results in fbsql_num_rows still
* returning the total number of rows that would have been returned,
* rather than the real number. As a result, we'll just do the limit
* calculations for fbsql in the same way as a database with emulated
* limits. Unfortunately, we can't just do this in DB_fbsql::numRows()
* because that only gets the result resource, rather than the full
if (($this->dbh->features['limit'] ===
'emulate'
||
$this->dbh->phptype ==
'fbsql') {
} elseif ($count <
($this->limit_from +
$limit_count)) {
* Get the next result if a batch of queries was executed
* @return bool true if a new result is available or false if not
return $this->dbh->nextResult($this->result);
* Frees the resources allocated for this result set
* @return bool true on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
$err =
$this->dbh->freeResult($this->result);
* @see DB_common::tableInfo()
* @deprecated Method deprecated some time before Release 1.2
return $this->dbh->tableInfo($this, $mode);
* Determine the query string that created this result
* @return string the query string
* @since Method available since Release 1.7.0
* Tells which row number is currently being processed
* @return integer the current row being looked at. Starts at 1.
* The object contains a row of data from a result set. Each column's data
* is placed in a property named for the column.
* @author Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
* @copyright 1997-2007 The PHP Group
* @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0
* @version Release: 1.7.13
* @link http://pear.php.net/package/DB
* @see DB_common::setFetchMode()
* The constructor places a row's data into properties of this object
* @param array the array containing the row's data
foreach ($arr as $key =>
$value) {
$this->$key =
&$arr[$key];
Documentation generated on Wed, 09 Feb 2011 08:59:18 +0700 by phpDocumentor 1.4.2